Abolition of the Ottoman Caliphate

On 3 March 1924, the Grand National Assembly of the newly formed Republic of Turkey formally abolished the Ottoman Caliphate, an institution that had endured for centuries as a symbol of trans-regional Muslim unity. The decision provoked significant debate across the Muslim world, most notably fuelling the Khilafat Movement in British India, and remains a key reference point in modern discussions about religious authority and governance in Islam.